ADD and ADHD, what's the difference?

Recently I was interviewed on a cable TV show.  The questions from the interviewer reminded me that even very well-educated people often have misunderstandings about ADHD.

This is an informational blog for people interested in knowing more about ADHD. Understanding is the key to providing success for people who have trouble meeting their potential.

One question proposed for discussion was:
What is the difference between ADD and ADHD?  Many people believe that the older term of ADD meant without hyperactivity, while ADHD meant the symptoms included hyperactivity. The interviewer was surprised that the term ADD (nomenclature from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, DSM-V) is no longer used.

All people with Attention Deficit Disorder are now referred to as ADHD, with three subtypes:
1. ADHD predominantly inattentive presentation
2. ADHD predominantly hyperactive/impulsive presentation and
3. ADHD combined presentation. Combined is used when both of the symptom criteria or behaviors for inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive behaviors are observed.

To meet the criteria for ADHD Inattentive Type one must have at least six of the following eight behaviors, for at least six months, that directly impact their social and academic/occupational activities.  

1. failing to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes
2. often has difficulty sustaining attention, (for example difficulty remaining focused during lectures, conversations or lengthy reading)
3. does not seem to listen when spoken to
4. often does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish schoolwork, chores or duties
5. has difficulty organizing tasks and activities
6. often avoids dislikes or is reluctant to engage in tasks that required sustained mental effort
7. often easily distracted by extraneous stimulation (auditory, visual, tactile distractions or unrelated thoughts
8. often forgetful in daily activities

Hyperactive and Impulsive also require at least six of the following behaviors, observed by others:

1. often fidgets or taps hands or feet
2. leaves seat in situations when maintaining seated is expected
3. runs about or climbs in situations where it is inappropriate
4. is often “on the go” acting as “driven by a motor”
5. often talks excessively
6. often blurts out answers before the question has been completed
7. has difficulty waiting his or her turn
8. often interrupts or intrudes on others.

Additional criteria require that these behavioral difficulties:

1. are present before age 12,
2. are observable in more than two different settings e.g. home, school, work, with friends or relatives or another activities
3. clearly interfere with and reduce the quality of social, academic or occupational functioning.
4.  are not related to other mental or physical problems

It is also important that the severity is indicated as mild, moderate or severe, based on the number of symptoms or behaviors that are observed.
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ADHD is not about being smart or not smart. In fact most people with ADHD are very creative people.

If you think that you or a loved one may have ADHD, it is a good idea to meet with a professional who specializes in working with people with ADHD, who can offer not just a diagnosis but also education, treatment and strategies to help you understand yourself or you loved one and to navigate your life more successfully. If this is you, please call Weaver Center to set up a consultation.